Natural Resources And Environmental Regulations - 1323 Words

I. Economic Factors III.I Natural Resources and Environmental Regulations Based on the Economic Structure and Context report on Spain, it identifies Spain as being well known amongst Europe for having a mining industry that produces natural resources such as stone and marble. Spain’s agricultural sector was once worthy of noting but over time it has diminished to little of importance, however, Spain is still notably recognized for being a leading producer of olive oil and wine (Economic Structure and Context, pg 25). Spain is currently using environmental regulations approved by the European Union and requiring national implementation as well as implementation amongst its jurisdictions (Spain Country Profile). Based on information provided†¦show more content†¦III.III Services Spain’s service industry is largely dominated by tourism and banking (Economic Structure and Context). Other popular industries in Spain also include retailing and telecommunications (Spain Country Profile). According the Country Analysis Report of Spain, the services sector in Spain is â€Å"the fastest growing sector, followed by manufacturing and agriculture.† (Spain Country Profile). Tourism in Spain remains popular, as it is currently considered one of the largest services, as of 2012 the tourism was responsible for 11% of the GDP (Economic Structure and Context). According to the 2012 report on Spain by Country Monitor, it was reported that in 2008 approximately 57 million tourists visited Spain. As the number of tourists visiting Spain continues to grow, the national government has implemented an initiative to remain environmentally friendly. One of the highlighted goals of the Tourism Plan 2020 is to increase the traffic of tourism in areas outside of the popul ar tourism attractions (Spain has 2020 Vision). II. Exports and Imports As the vehicle manufacturing industry is one of the largest industries in Spain it is to no surprise that motor vehicles are one of Spain’s largest exports. According to the Spain Country Profile created by MarketLine, â€Å"The Spanish economy depends heavily on the automobile industry for exports to Asian economies† (Spain Country Profile). Other exports includeShow MoreRelatedEssay On If I Win The Election1010 Words   |  5 Pagesserve the committee of Energy resources (House), Senate committee on Natural Resources and Economic Development (Senate), and Environmental Regulation Committee (House). The Energy Resources committee looks after the production and regulation of energy resources like oil, gas etc. It is a substantive committee. 1 The current chairman of this committee is Rep. Drew Darby. Composed of 13 members in total, the main purpose of this committee is to conserve the energy resources available in Texas. 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A year later, additional legislation was passed to refine the state’s responsibilities in environmental management and enforcement by allowing city and state governments to r egulate industrialRead MoreThe Issue Of Canadian Fisheries1431 Words   |  6 PagesLORRAINE MBUYI ECONOMICS 405 Natural resource economics is greatly concerned with solving a phenomenon referred to as the â€Å"Tragedy of the Commons†, also known as a situation that results in the overuse of open access resources by independent agents, looking to retrieve as many resources as possible without giving regard to other users of the common property. This essay focuses on the issue of Canadian fisheries as a common example of the issue and a topic subject to much academic research. ThisRead MoreSouthern Ocean Sanctuary888 Words   |  4 Pagesworld where resource scarcity is discussed in side conversations and overpopulation is being combatted by concerned nations, worldwide struggle of equal allocation of vital resources persist. Biological resources and biodiversity in general are at the forefront of these concerns. Decreasing biodiversity does not just pose a problem for the plants and animals that are becoming increasingly endangered; individuals who have constructed their livelihood around the availability of such resources face direRead MoreOregon Waste Systems V. Department Of Environmental Quality ( 1995 )1593 Words   |  7 PagesPerhaps the best indication of the Court’s attitude towards the Commerce Clause analysis of environmental cases are its decisions concerning state garbage regulations. Each garbage law that has come under the Court’s review has been invalidated without any consideration for its putative local benefits. This approach is highlighted by the Court acknowledging the states’ legitimate environmental interests yet still negating any measures to protect those, essentially rendering any conservation motives

Ignorance And Knowledge Of Fahrenheit 451 Essay - 1201 Words

Rylee Goynes Rahim Tufts English 1A November 29th 2016 Ignorance and Knowledge in Fahrenheit 451 One of the more common themes in Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is of knowledge vs ignorance. People in the book are ignorant toward the fact that the government is controlling everything they do, and they have a lack of knowledge due to censorship by the government. Many people are distracted as they live in a dystopian society that has been controlled by the government, taken over by technology, and is very overpopulated. The government is able to control everyone without question as people ride â€Å"jet cars† down the road, and sit at home watching â€Å"parlor walls† which are large screens that the government uses for entertainment. The government has brainwashed citizens into believing that books are evil, as they allow people to think freely and were made illegal. Houses were made fireproof, making the job of firefighters useless and they have now been assigned a new task. Not only to burn books, but to destroy the homes they are found in. There are few of the citizens who believe that knowledge is more important than anything else the government has tried to distract them with. They hide books in their homes knowing the risks of consequence but they refuse to be ignorant for they have realized what the government has done to society. Although Bradbury never really gives a clear explanation about why books are banned in this society, instead he explains many causes. Fast cars, loudShow MoreRelatedKnowledge vs. Ignorance: Fahrenheit 4511136 Words   |  5 PagesKnowledge vs. Ignorance In fahrenheit 451 struggle revolves around the tension between knowledge and ignorance. Firemen destroy knowledge of all forms, books in perticlar. This doesn’t stop Montag though. He is given many struggles because he wants to learn. I feel like this is somewhat relevant to nowadays society. We faced with those who want to be knowledged but majority has turned to substance and have become consumed in it. Society in fahrenheit 451 is very similar to today’s society. TheRead MoreFahrenheit 4511365 Words   |  6 PagesBradbury s novel, Fahrenheit 451, was written at the onset of the fifties as a call to the American people to reflect on how the dominant social values of their times were effecting both the lives of individual Americans and their government. Fahrenheit 451 attacks utopian government and focuses on society s foolishness of always being politically correct. (Mogen 113). According to Mogen, Fahrenheit 451 depicts a world in which the American Dream has tu rned into a nightmare because it has beenRead MoreRay Bradbury Once Said, â€Å"Collecting Facts Is Important.1517 Words   |  7 PagesRay Bradbury once said, â€Å"Collecting facts is important. Knowledge is important. But if you don t have an imagination to use the knowledge, civilization is nowhere† (www.brainyquote.com). This powerful quote said by the author of the novel, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† provides insight to the overlying problems found in the futuristic utopian society. Ray Bradbury is well known for his masterful use of words to fill his novels with theme. Do we, as readers, pick up on the many universal ideas, or themes, authorsRead MoreFahrenheit 451 - Power of Books1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthe power of books. Fahrenheit 451 (1953), written by Ray Bradbury depicts a dystopian society which, due to the absence of books, discourages intellect and punishes free-will. As receptacles of knowledge, books give human beings a unique power, as they encourage and nurture intellect and understanding. The intellectual metamorphosis that Montag undergoes renders him aware of this fact, making him an incredibly dangerous figure in the society of Fahrenheit 451. Despite Montag’s understandingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Comparison Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagestransgender rights as can be seen in the 21st century, or fighting to be considered a free man as can be seen in the 19th century. This fight can be seen throughout history books and literary classics such as Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. In Fahrenheit 451, the main character, Guy Montag is fighting against the technological revolution taking place in the 23rd century. He battles with a society ful l of censorship, where everyone is too caught up with their newRead MoreFahrenheit 451 And The Allegory Of The Cave By Ray Bradbury952 Words   |  4 PagesArdon, Samantha Professor Moore ENG 101 #34285 9 October 2017 Lies Hidden in Truth Most people do not walk to a bookshelf and read a book in a one sitting anymore. Has the current world become similar to the society in Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury? Fahrenheit 451 is set in a future idea of the world, where books are forbidden. Firefighters have a different type of job in this world; instead of putting out fires, they start them. One of the firefighters, Guy Montag, is not as interestedRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By Francois Truffaut1310 Words   |  6 PagesFahrenheit 451 Analysis Franà §ois Truffaut’s 1966 science fiction film, Fahrenheit 451, encapsulates a dystopian society that controls its inhabitants. This film is based off of Ray Bradbury’s 1953 novel of the same title.Truffaut took the novel and created a full length film to tell the story. The use of future is a common characteristic of science fiction movies, yet this particular film uses future to relay its message, not just as the setting. The technical aspects, effects and setting work togetherRead MoreThe Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury846 Words   |  4 Pagesunquenchable thirst for knowledge. We look for knowledge about everybody and everything that surrounds us from our day-to-day life. Sadly though, we must accept that in the grand scheme of life we (as a society) tend to put pleasure above our quest for knowledge. The pursuit of knowledge tends to take time and energy, two things we call invaluable, and it also shows us things that mi ght depress us. Contrastingly, ignorance takes no time and energy. Also, (as the common saying goes) ignorance is bliss. It keepsRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Comparison Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury’s Prediction of the Future TREVOR YOUNG Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel written by Ray Bradbury that depicts a futuristic American society where books are banned and independent thought is persecuted. Bradbury uses his imagination to take a hard look at a world consumed by technology, and he presents predictions about pleasure, violence and anti-intellectualism that are alarmingly similar to the modern American society. Notably, in both societies people findRead MoreThe Phantom Tollbooth Analysis1124 Words   |  5 Pagesshare are key to understanding and overcoming many of the world’s problems. Norton Juster’s The Phantom Tollbooth is one of these many books. The Phantom Tollbooth shows the power of imagination and the consequences of and ignorance, explores the many ways to overcome ignorance using wisdom and creativity, and enables readers to see the power of imagination at its finest through highly relatable characters. Although there are many books that share these messages, none are able to do it as effectively

HSBC Versus Virgin Group

Question: Discuss about the HSBC Versus Virgin Group. Answer: Authentic Leadership Authentic leadership is normally a specific approach that is employed in leadership which puts in more emphasis on building legitimacy and honest relationships in leadership. The companies that we have put under scrutiny, in this case, are HSBC and the Virgin group. The two companies are great companies that have made so much approach towards making sure that there is enough hat is done to achieve authentic and serious leadership. The both of them have set codes of conducts on leaders in the organization such that the leadership standards that are supposed to be maintained are as high as possible (Weschler Massarik, 2013). HSBC being a financial corporation has set high accounting standards that ensure that all the senior managers and the directors in the organization are in a position to account for whatever takes place in the organization (Stokes Blackburn, 2001). The essence of this is to make sure that the employees do work in harmony and that the spirit is embraced right from the top management all the way to the regular employees in the organization. Through a defined code of conduct that expects that the leaders in the organization should remain as open as possible about any new situations in the organization and report the same to the board at all time (Weschler Massarik, 2013). Such an idea has sparked greater development in the organization to the extent that it has been able to build trust in the organization and that at the same time the senior managers can know any new situation and try to solve them. In this case, authentic leadership in HSBC helps the organization and the employees kee p being informed about the status of their organization and the possible moves that they can be able to take. Virgin Group is a set of companies that take part in the different production of good and service offering as well. What they look at is a system where they can be able to take over the global market and be able to control business. The leadership in the organization is based on honesty and openness. The group of companies have a regular general meeting where the directors are supposed to report on the real situation of the business; this is already an aspect of authentic leadership where they are expected to report nothing more but the mere truth in this case. The board headed by the Chairman has also been tasked with the duty to make sure that the employee relations in the individual companies are intact and that the employees remain informed about the intentions and targets of the group as well. This can promote teamwork and new inspirations to the employees in the company as well. Having come from such a set of companies, one expects that the leaders are all engraved into the fac t that the employees are part of the group and that is even the more reason as to why the company has set up such programs in place. Out of the two companies here, Virgin group presents a better scheme for authentic leadership because they have set it practical and even work more towards achieving the same (Gitsham, 2012). This is because decision making in the HSBC is fully centralized. The company CEO has control over staffing and administration. Therefore, Stuart Gulliver applies autocratic leadership. On the other hand, has focused more on ensuring that their employees are fully aware of the position in the market and also the new decisions that the company intends. The Virgin Group uses democratic leadership style. Problem Solving and Decision making in the Organization Organizations fall into very different situations from time to time. It is very important to take into account that for a company like Virgin Group and HSBC, decision making and problem solving is very important. Therefore, the same way individuals make decisions at a personal level, likewise, the organization arrive at their decisions. Organizations operate in a competitive and problematic environment. Therefore, in their continuance of their operations, they come across problems that demand problem-solving and decision-making skills. In the following discussion, this report compares the problem solving and decision making between HSBC CEO, Stuart Gulliver and Virgin Group, CEO Josh Bayliss. In relation to appropriate decision making, the Josh Bayliss is the CEO who serves as the adopter of the good leadership style. The Virgin Group CEO has established centralized problem solving and decision-making protocol for the key issues affecting the organization. For example where the company suffers problems resulting from the external forces, Josh Bayliss calls out the board to sit down and deliberate on the issues (Grant, 2005). Josh Bayliss has adopted problem solving mechanism for both the internal and external issues. In internal issues, they are solved by regional managers and supervisors while the external issues are present to the board of directors for solutions. For the Stuart Gulliver, it is the duty of the board to make sure that they get to look at the problem presented and come up with an amicable solution within a short period. A good example, in this case, was the problem solving of the HSBC's mortgage lending issue where they were facing a problem coming from their system and not the failure of the company in totality. It is clear that the problem and decision making only involves the company top management. This approach locks out the opinions and suggestions of the lower level employees. Therefore, it indisputable that problem-solving and decision-making technique by Josh Bayliss outperforms that of Stuart Gulliver. At some point in the company, the Virgin group was facing a dilemma as to poor sales. Several directives had been offered from the office of the operations managers but then they were not successful to change that position. At the end of it all, the board had to convene to deliberate over the problem at hand. It was until then that the majority members agreed that more international branches be opened so that the company can have more options in terms of the market to be used. Problem-solving and decision making in Virgin Group is more comprehensive than in HSBC. Josh Bayliss has established processes, guidelines and policies to yield best decisions for the business, employees, management, shareholders and clients. Therefore, the decisions of the company are largely based on the key stakeholders. The philosophies of the Virgin Group founder, Richard Branson, aids in the effective decision-making of the company. This because the companys organization culture is highly influenced the founder. The decision-making process is also faster at Virgin Group with some of the operational and knowledge management decisions being purely left in the hands of the various middle-level managers. However, this is not the case in HSBC whereby only minor decisions are left for the middle-level managers. Bestowing operational managers with authority to make some key decisions under their departments, speeds up solving of petty issues. This saves time and cost because a manager makes a spontaneous judgment instantly to solve the different issues that may occur (Gitsham, 2012). Alternatively, Virgin Group addresses extreme issues about external issues affecting the company and need faster decisions by calling up the board to convene and explore the problem to arrive at a crucial decision. A good example in decision making from virgin group is the number of staff members to be employed. It is the duty of the regional managers to see that the various regional branches have enough staff. Once they make recommendations to that effect, the decision is final not unless that decision has been made out of graft References Stokes, D., Blackburn, R. (2001). Opening up business closures: a study of businesses that close and owners' exit routes: a research report for HSBC. Kingston Business School, Kingston University. Gitsham, M. (2012). Experiential learning for leadership and sustainability at IBM and HSBC. Journal of Management Development, 31(3), 298-307. Grant, R. M. (2005). Richard Branson and the Virgin Group of companies in 2004. In Cases in. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I., Massarik, F. (2013). Leadership and organization. Routledge.

Joseph Hayyim Brenner an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Joseph Hayyim Brenner by Expert Writer_Jennie | 22 Dec 2016 Although pre-modern Judaism idealized the Land of Israel and Jewish messianism promised restoration of the ancient homeland, over the centuries the trickle of Jews who actually immigrated to Palestine had no notion of a state-building project. Modern Jewish nationalism, in the form of Zionism (from the Hebrew Tziyon, a synonym for Jerusalem), emerged only in the last third of the nineteenth century, mainly among the Jewish masses of eastern Europe, for whom it was one of several responses to socioeconomic crisis and virulent anti-Semitism. The actual term Zionism was coined by Nathan Birnbaum in 1891 to denote the political efforts to achieve this aim, (Noveck, 311) although the settlement of Jews in Palestine had begun earlier and was represented by the Hovevey Tzion (Lovers of Zion). Need essay sample on "Joseph Hayyim Brenner" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Zion had been a synonym for Jerusalem from biblical times. In the Middle Ages, Judah Halevi wrote his Songs of Zion in yearning for the resettlement of Jews in Palestine, of which Zion had become the supreme symbol. Theodor Herzls Zionism was thus only new in that the opportunity was seized of attempting the settlement of Jews by political means. The full Zionist story has been told in numerous books and pamphlets. This paper focuses on the life story of one of the most passionate proponent of a Hebrew identity, writer Joseph Hayyim Brenner, the author of numerous articles, plays and novels. Modern Jewish nationalism, in the form of Zionism gave Hebrew literature fresh impetus, and Palestine became again the center of publication in Hebrew. Joseph H. Brenner describes in his works Jewish life in Eastern Europe and pioneer life in Palestine. Brenners First Novel, Ba-Horef (In the Winter) ends with a symbolic scene in which his autobiographical hero, Feierman, is put off a train because he has no ticket; he is left stranded beside a snow-covered road in the middle of nowhere. By other names Feierman (i.e., Brenner) is the protagonist of every one of his succeeding novels and his destiny is always the same: abortive beginnings, unrealized strivings, and bitterness against himself and the world. Only once did Brenner permit himself a more hopeful conclusion, in his first novel of Palestine, Mi-Kaan Umi-Kaan (From Here and There) contains a counter-hero, Aryeh Lapidot, who was drawn in the image of A. D. Gordon, the interpreter of Jewish nationalism who symbolized the social idealism of the new Palestinian community. (Noveck, 45) Both his art and in personal life were tinted by the blackest colors of pessimism. His childhood and youth were conventional. He was born in the Ukraine in Novi Mlyny to a poor family and grew up in poverty. Brenner was educated in the usual orthodoxy, which included studies at a yeshiva. His early years were full of poverty and personal suffering. He grew to maturity in the 1890s; during a particularly hopeless period in the life of Russia and Russian Jewry when officially sponsored pogroms in tsarist Russia were often. All thought of accommodation with the tsarist regime was ended by then; there were only three alternatives - to labor for a revolution, to migrate westward, or to turn Zionist and go to Palestine. In this period millions of Jews sought to escape their plight by emigrating not to Palestine but to western Europe and the Americas, and above all to the United States. While most of those who did not emigrate westward clung to traditional ways, sought assimilation, or turned to socialism, which promised the eradication of anti-Semitism, the example of other European peoples turn toward nationalism and a mid-century Hebrew-language cultural revival paved the way for the emergence of a small Love of Zion movement, promoting emigration to Palestine and Jewish national-cultural revival there. In turn, Brenner attempted each of the above mentioned solutions. Brenner was first attracted in his late teens by the Bund, the newly formed group of revolutionary socialists which was Jewish in membership but violently opposed to Jewish nationalism (it believed in a future world order in which the workers of all peoples would unite). He did illegal work for the party, but he drifted out of that movement after three years to reaffirm his specific Jewish loyalties through Zionism. In 1902-1903 Brenner served in the Russian army - he depicted this period of his life in a novella, Shanah Ahat (One Year) - and then escaped to London. His experiences there made him no happier than those that had gone before. The new east European immigrants were then packed tight in its Whitechapel section, Londons East Side, living in indescribable misery and eking out an existence in sweatshops. Brenner himself made the barest of livings as a typesetter. His four years in London confirmed him in the certainty that emigration from Russia meant merely that Jews were exchanging new pain for the old. In the sight of the sweatshops, he became even more of a proletarian writer, a despiser of the bosses and the respectable bourgeoisie. After a short period back in Eastern Europe, this time in Lemberg, Austrian Poland (today Lviv, Ukraine), Brenner took the final journey of his odyssey. In 1909 he went to Palestine. There Brenner was a leader in the circles of the then small labor and pioneer groups, taught during the war years in Tel Avivs first high school, and continued to edit and write. Brenner became one of the prominent literary voices of the Second Aliyah - a few hundred secular idealists, mostly Socialist Zionists from Russia, who came to the Land of Israel between 1904 and 1914 to till the soil, revive Hebrew labor and the Hebrew language, and became the founding generation of Israeli society. (Agnon, x) His writings of that period were characterized by the deep pessimism and despair. His criticism particularly concerned Jewish life in the Diaspora. During the early period of the Third Aliyah (1919 - 1923) he enrolled the Gedud Ha'avodah (Labor Battalions) and worked in the Galilee in road construction. He also took part in organization of conference of the Histadrut (Labor Federation). (www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org) Brenner was found murdered near Tel Aviv during the Arab riot against the Jews in May 1921. When Brenner began to write in the 1890s, Russian literature was under the influence of Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy. Brenner certainly did not assimilate the metaphysics of the first or the historical vision of the second. What he did learn from these Russian masters was their uncompromising criticism of society, the attitude they shared, for different reasons, that convention is a sham. The other source of Brenners vision was in the writings of Mendele Moher Sefarim (Shalom Jacob Abramovitz). Mendele, the greatest of nineteenth-century novelists in both Hebrew and Yiddish, had made the disintegrating Russian ghetto his subject and had found it bad. (Chertok, 162-163, 169) Brenner, from a conscious proletarian perspective, repeated this social criticism with far greater passion. In one of his works, a lengthy review essay entitled Haarahat Azmenu be-Sheloshet Ha-Krahim (The Estimate of Ourselves in Three Volumes) Brenner wrote about his hatred of the Jewish past, both its culture and its society, and his despairing hope that a new, sound, healthy Jew could be made to arise if he were to begin over again in Zion. As a member of Zionist movement Brenner still was trying to eradicate from the public consciousness the idea of Jewish being a chosen people. In his opinion such elements of Judaism prevented Israels acceptance by the world nations and he wrote: I would, with the most delicious and fierce pleasure, erase from the Hebrew prayer book of our generation any mention of You have chosen us from among the nations. I would do it today: Scratch clean all those counterfeit nationalist verses, until no trace would remain. Because this empty national pride, this groundless Jewish preening, will not repair the breach, nor will the aphorisms of a counterfeit nationalism amount to anything. Brenner was extremely pessimistic and very sad about the Jewish people, though he was sustained by the desperate hope for a Jewish nation which would be outstanding in its proletarian dignity; the very fire of his denunciations of the past implied that mere respectable dullness was not enough for the future. Brenners prose written in Palestine under the aegis of the Zionist enterprise was imbued with loneliness, despondency and alienation. The attitude of desperation so characteristic of Y. H. Brenner was the soil out of which grew the writers commitment to the pioneering effort in Palestine, a commitment that generates about it a new set of values: self-sacrifice, physical labor which were to motivate human action and set a new pace for Zionism. Works Cited List Agnon, S. Y. Only Yesterday. Transltr. Barbara Harshav. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, 2000 Chertok, Haim We Are All Close: Conversations with Israeli Writers. New York: Fordham University Press, 1989 Noveck, Simon. Great Jewish Thinkers of the Twentieth Century: Edited with Introductory Essays. Washington, DC: Bnai Brith, Dept. of Adult Jewish Education, 1963 Jewish Virtual Library. Joseph Hayyim Brenner. Retrieved Nov. 14, 2006 from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/brenner.html

Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays

Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essays Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Essay Pulmonary Edema Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends And Forecast, 2013 2019 Pulmonary edema is a medical condition, in which, the fluid is accumulated in air spaces and parenchyma of lung cells. This affects the gas exchange activity by lungs and leads to respiratory failure. In case of severe pulmonary edema, the condition could be life-threatening and need emergency medical treatment. The important causes includes cardiac arrest and cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, kidney failure, upper airway obstruction and others. The major symptoms includes shortness of breath, blood coughing, heavy sweating, which leads to respiratory failure and may also cause death.Visit Complete Report Here: marketresearchreports.biz/analysis-details/pulmonary-edema-market-global-industry-analysis-size-share-growth-trends-and-forecast-2013-2019 The diagnosis of pulmonary edema is possible through chest x-ray, ECG, echocardiogram, renal and liver function tests and blood tests for electrolytes concentration. The disease is managed through emergency management techniques, such as, proper ventilation (natural or mechanical), antibiotics (if pulmonary edema is induced by lung infections), loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide), respiratory distress agents (morphine), and antipyretics (to minimize pains). The market of emergency management techniques and medicaments is expected to grow in the upcoming future. However, the disease can be prevented via use of dexamethasone and sildenafil (to prevent high altitude hypoxia) and steady physical activities. Some of the key drivers propelling the growth of global market includes, increased prevalence of cardiac attacks and associated disorders, change in lifestyle, extensive RD activities, increasedawareness about cardiac arrest preventive therapies and increase in pollution. Increased prevalence of cardiac arrest is one of the major factor contributing to the growth of this market.

The Odyssey Study Guide

The Odyssey Study Guide The Odyssey is an epic poem attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer. Most likely composed in the late 8th century B.C.E., it is the second-oldest-known work in Western literature. (The oldest-known work is Homers Iliad, for which The Odyssey is considered a sequel.) The Odyssey first appeared in English in the 17th century and has been translated more than sixty times. Many of the words and phrases employed by Homer are open to a wide range of interpretation, causing not-insignificant differences between translations. Fast Facts: The Odyssey Title: The OdysseyAuthor: HomerDate Published: Composed during the 8th century B.C.E.Type of Work: PoemGenre: Epic Original Language: Ancient GreekThemes: Spiritual growth, cunning vs. strength, order vs. disorderMajor Characters: Odysseus, Penelope, Telemachus, Athena, Zeus, Poseidon, CalypsoNotable Adaptations: Ulysses by Lord Tennyson (1833), Ithaka by C.P. Cavafy (1911), Ulysses by James Joyce (1922) Plot Summary At the start of The Odyssey, the author addresses the Muse, asking her to tell him about Odysseus, the hero who spent more time traveling back to his Greek home than any other Greek hero at the Trojan War. Odysseus has been kept captive by the goddess Calypso. The other gods, except Poseidon (god of the sea) fell sympathy for Odysseus. Poseidon hates him because he blinded his son, Polyphemus. The goddess Athena, Odysseus’ protector, convinces her father, Zeus, that Odysseus needs assistance. She disguises herself and travels to Greece to meet with Odysseus’ son, Telemachus. Telemachus is unhappy because his home is beset by suitors who want to marry his mother, Penelope, and take over Odysseus throne. With Athenas help, Telemachus sets out to search for his father. He visits other veterans of the Trojan War, and one of his father’s old comrades, Menelaus, tells him that Odysseus is being held by Calypso. Meanwhile, Calypso finally releases Odysseus. Odysseus sets out on a boat, but the vessel is soon destroyed by Poseidon, who harbors a grudge against Odysseus. Odysseus swims to a nearby island where he is warmly greeted by King Alcinous and Queen Arete of the Phaeacians. There, Odysseus recounts the story of his journey. Odysseus explains that he and his companions left Troy on twelve ships. They visited the island of the lotus-eaters and were captured by the cyclops Polyphemus, son of Poseidon. When making an escape, Odysseus blinded Polyphemus, inspiring Poseidons wrath as a result. Next, the men nearly made it home, but were blown off course. They first encountered a cannibal, and then the witch Circe, who turned half of Odysseus men into pigs but spared Odysseus thanks to the protection provided to him by the sympathetic gods. After one year, Odysseus and his men left Circe and reached the edge of the world, where Odysseus summoned spirits for advice and learned of the suitors living in his home. Odysseus and his men made their way past more threats, including the Sirens, a many-headed sea monster, and an enormous whirlpool. Hungry, they ignored warnings and hunted the sacred cattle of the god Helios; as a result, they were punished with yet another shipwreck, stranding Odysseus on Calypsoâ€℠¢s island. After Odysseus tells his story, the Phaeacians help Odysseus disguise himself and travel home at last. Upon returning to Ithaca, Odysseus meets his son Telemachus, and the two men agree that the suitors must be killed. Odysseus wife Penelope arranges for an archery competition, which she has rigged to guarantee Odysseus win. After winning the competition, Odysseus slaughters the suitors and reveals his true identity, which Penelope accepts after putting him through one final trial. Finally, Athena saves Odysseus from the vengeance of the dead suitors families. Major Characters Odysseus. Odysseus, a Greek warrior, is the protagonist of the poem. His journey home to Ithaca after the Trojan War is the primary narrative of the poem. He is a somewhat non-traditional hero, as he is known more for his cleverness and cunning than his physical strength. Telemachus. Telemachus, the son of Odysseus, was an infant when his father left Ithaca. In the poem, Telemachus goes on a quest to figure out his fathers whereabouts. He ultimately reunites with his father and helps him kill Penelopes suitors. Penelope. Penelope is the loyal wife of Odysseus and mother of Telemachus. Her cleverness equals that of her husband. During Odysseus 20-year absence, she devises numerous tricks to stave off the suitors who seek to marry her and gain power over Ithaca. Poseidon. Poseidon is the god of the sea. He is angry with Odysseus for blinding his son, the cyclops Polyphemus, and makes various attempts to hinder Odysseus journey home. He can be considered Odysseus primary antagonist. Athena. Athena is the goddess of cunning and intelligent warfare, as well as the crafts (e.g. weaving). She favors Odysseus and his family, and she actively helps Telemachus and advises Penelope. Literary Style As an epic poem written in the 8th century B.C.E., The Odyssey was almost certainly intended to be spoken, not read. It was composed in an ancient form of Greek known as Homeric Greek, a poetic dialect specific to poetic compositions. The poem is composed in dactylic hexameter (sometimes referred to as epic meter). The Odyssey begins in media res, starting off in the middle of the action and providing expository details later. The non-linear plot leaps back and forth in time. The poem employs flashbacks and poems-within-a-poem to fill in these gaps. Another key feature of the poems style is the use of epithets: fixed phrases and adjectives that are often repeated when a characters name is mentioned- e.g. bright-eyed Athena. These epithets serve to remind the reader about the characters most important essential traits. The poem is also notable for its sexual politics in that the plot is driven as much by the decisions made by women as it is by male warriors. In fact, many of the men in the story, like Odysseus and his son Telemachus, are passive and frustrated through much of the story. By contrast, Penelope and Athena take numerous active steps to protect Ithaca and assist Odysseus and his family. About the Author There is some disagreement about Homer’s authorship of The Odysseyï » ¿. Most ancient accounts refer to Homer as a blind poet from Ionia, but todays scholars believe more than one poet worked on what we know today as The Odyssey. Indeed, there is evidence that the final section of the poem was added much later than the previous books. Today, most scholars accept that The Odyssey is the product of several sources that were worked on by several different contributors. Sources â€Å"The Odyssey - Homer - Ancient Greece - Classical Literature.† Oedipus the King - Sophocles - Ancient Greece - Classical Literature, www.ancient-literature.com/greece_homer_odyssey.html.Mason, Wyatt. â€Å"The First Woman to Translate the Odyssey Into English.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 2 Nov. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/11/02/magazine/the-first-woman-to-translate-the-odyssey-into-english.html.Athens, AFP in. â€Å"Ancient Find May Be Earliest Extract of Epic Homer Poem Odyssey.† The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 10 July 2018, www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/10/earliest-extract-of-homers-epic-poem-odyssey-unearthed.Mackie, Chris. â€Å"Guide to the Classics: Homers Odyssey.† The Conversation, The Conversation, 15 July 2018, theconversation.com/guide-to-the-classics-homers-odyssey-82911.â€Å"Odyssey.† Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 July 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odyssey#Structure.

Question 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Question 4 - Essay Example The boons of this technology do not end here. It s a new generation technology that lay unrecognized for a long time owing to high costs, and has now come into focus (Z Corporation, 2005). Thus 3D printing technology has the potential to affect almost each and every industry and varied aspects of the personal lives of people. Revolution in the modern industrialization: 3D printing technology The benefits of the 3D printing technology are being increasingly realized in the medicine industry. Production of medicine pills or capsules might be changed forever with new bio-printers actually printing human tissue, advancing the methods of pharmaceutical testing. Along with process of production the rate of production of these pills would also undergo vast improvements. The construction business and architecture is changing fast under the effect of this technology. Nowadays, designs of intricate architectural drawings are developed quickly in the form of 3D-printed models. This process is f ound to be relatively less expensive and also as less time consuming than the traditional process of building prototypes of handcrafted models made of cardboard. Even experiments are being made by â€Å"printing concrete structures† (3dprinter, 2013) using gigantic 3D printers. ... Beautiful objects, starting from artistic sculpture to household fixtures, now are not needed to be build with ones hand; they are simply designed using computer software (3dprinter, 2013). Hence one has the liberty to â€Å"imagine a future in which† (Barnatt, 2013) solid objects can be printed by a device attached to a computer. In this future industries have the prospect of moving to a new height and services be improved to the extent that tangible goods might be delivered to common households at their desktops. ‘Atomization’ of computer generated designs would lead to the creation of virtual prototype objects or even real user-end objects in much less time than it is required at present. The internet can be used to connect different producers and suppliers and also the consumers. It would allow modern industries to abandon their processes of â€Å"mass pre-production and stock-holding of a wide range of goods and spare parts† (Barnatt, 2013). The jewell ery industry 3D printers are â€Å"capable of outputting physical objects† (Barnatt, 2013) and are therefore getting installed in different manufacturing plants in different industries. In the jewellery industry it has started to generate a multitude of innovative digitalized manufacturing capabilities. Many companies in the jewellery industry are adopting this latest technology. Process of gold/silver printing The method of 3D printing uses the ‘additive manufacturing technology’ (Tyagi, n.d.). It is a process of â€Å"printing an object† (Hembrey, 2013). It involves the process of transferring some material onto a surface in the printer on which the object is to be build, layer after layer, in the method of spraying. These layers are â€Å"placed one on top of the other until the

Controversies Behind Accounting and Audit Profession Essay

Controversies Behind Accounting and Audit Profession - Essay Example To prevent accounting fraud, many literature states that it is common for the body of institutional investors to act as the company's monitors. (Chen, Harford, & Li, 2007; Chung, Firth, & Kim, 2002) Therefore, it is possible that fraud firms have a low level of institutional investment before committing fraud due to the fact that these companies lack effective accounting monitoring.For this study, the researcher will compare and contrast the management's responsibility for an entity's financial statements with the auditors' responsibility for detecting fraud and error follow by evaluating the most recent suggestions made by the Audit profession in respect with the auditors responsibility in detecting fraud. The researcher will also discuss about the audit expectation gap as well as the factors that contributes to the increase of the audit expectation gap. The researcher will also examine whether the audit expectation gap is similar to the accounting expectation gap. Prior to the main discussion, the researcher will provide some strategic ways on how auditors could reduce the gap on audit expectations. Compare and Contrast Management's Responsibility for an Entity's Financial Statements with the Auditors' Responsibility for Detecting Fraud and Error Using the generally accepted accounting principles in UK, the top management behind a company is responsible for the preparation of financial statement based on the highest integrity, objectivity and clarity. (Price, 2002) As part of the management's responsibility in developing an accurate financial statement, the top management should ensure that the company hires and trains qualified employees to work behind the establishment and communication of the company's accounting policies and procedures. Since businesses are more concerned with the company's profitability, there is a higher chance for top management to manipulate the company's financial statement. In order to lessen the incidence of accounting fraud and misrepresentation of the accounting figures, there is a strong need for each company to hire the service of an external auditor to perform the auditing of the company's financial statements. The main responsibility of the auditors is to ensure that each company submits an accurate financial statement1 by detecting any possible accounting fraud or errors based on the current United Kingdom Law and Accounting Standards known as the United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice. (Ernst and Young LLP, 2007) In relation to determining whether the company practices accounting procedures, auditors are responsible to follow the relevant legal

Components of Reading Essay Example for Free

Components of Reading Essay

Effect Of Advertising On People :: essays research papers

Advertising relies on the consumers interperation of their product or corprate image, but sometimes that interpretation is altered due to the context in which they appear. In order to prove how context can alter the interpretation of an ad I have chosen two advertisement images to compare. One advertising was done for the GAP franchise by a well known photographer Duane Michaels, and the other is an advertisement for the Altoid product by an unknown photographer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each of these ads intend to promote the product and the companies image in a positive manner and of course increase sales. However, the GAP ad states that the photograph is a self portrait of the photographer and includes text which promotes indivuality and independent thinking. These elements make this ad very conceptual and would appeal to the informed reader. But, if the reader was not aware of of Duane Michaels they could still understand the indivual undertones of the text. The Altoid ad has a much simpler read, its simply selling a product. Its acquired picture would catch the audiences attention and its text would support the strength of the product. I do not feel there is a deeper meaning than that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In creating these ads the manufacture can not always account for the publics misread of the ad and therefore the product. I am confident that no one would misread the Altoid ad, its simplistic manner limits another interpretations. However, the GAP ad could be misread as exclusive or snotty if someone was not understand the image or the text. They might interpret their unability to relate to the ad with GAP ¹s unwillingness to appeal to a broader audience. It could be seen as a store for only educated people with an understanding of art.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advertising limits the influence of the photographer on the image many times an art director will tell the photographer exactly what to do, and the author is lost. This is what seems to have happened in the the Altoid ad, the photographer was totally disconnected from the final ad. The photographer was to shoot the boy holding the product so that it could be altered by the computer artist. The GAP ad used a self portrait of Michaels in order to convey their message more vividly. This allowed a great deal of the author to remain in the final ad. The text that was included was probably not from Michaels, but in order to have it along side his photo he must of approved of to some degree.

Experimental And Control Group Health And Social Care Essay

In the treatment subdivision, the research worker draws decisions about the significance and deductions of the determination. This subdivision tries to unknot what the consequences mean, why things turned out the manner they did and how the consequences can be used in pattern.Personal features of the experimental and control groupTable I- Explains the personal features of the health professionals in experimental and control group. The information says most of the health professionals are aged between 31-40yrs, females, educated and un employed. The present survey findings are supported by a survey done earlier by Mohammed Shinde ( 2009 ) , to measure the effectivity of presentation sing eating of hemiplegia patient among health professionals. Major happening in the survey include bulk of the health professionals are in the age group of 28-37yrs.53-63 % were females.40-60 % were unemployed.70-80 % were married.Data ‘s sing health professionals experience in eating and beginning of directionTable II-Explains the information ‘s sing health professionals experience in eating and beginning of direction. The findings revealed most of the health professionals were 2-3 yearss of experience in feeding the patient through nasogastric tubing. All health professionals received some kind of instructions sing tubing eating, but bulk of them did n't have any instructions from professional medical forces alternatively they got the instructions from their ain relations. The present survey findings are supported by a survey done earlier by Jeanie kayser ( 1990 ) who investigated attitudes of patients, household members, nurses, and doctors towards the usage of nasogastric tubing eating in three nursing places. His findings disclosed unequal communicating among wellness attention suppliers, patients, and households, and that some households did non cognize the demand of the tubing and they perceived the tubings were being inserted for the convenience of the nursing place staff. The present survey findings besides supported by a survey done earlier by. Elaine Wittenberg ( 2001 ) on cognition and accomplishment of health professionals sing the attention of the patient. The consequence showed many household health professionals did non hold the necessary accomplishments and cognition to supply sustained attention for a individual with chronic unwellness, so they lacked assurance and felt un-prepared. Health professionals reported that they received small counsel from wellness suppliers, that they did non cognize how to presume health professionals function, that they were non familiar with the type and sum of attention needed, and that they did non cognize how to entree and utilize resources.Degree of cognition of experimental and control groupTables III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX & A ; X explain the degree of cognition sing nasogastric tubing eating before and after the intercession. Table III explains the overall cognition degree of experimental and control group before and after intercession. In both experimental and command group all samples ( 100 % ) showed hapless cognitions degree before intercession. After intercession the experimental group showed important betterment in the degree of cognition whereas the control group remained in the same pre-intervention cognition position. The present survey revealed that, the degree of cognition was increased in experimental group who received the information, whereas in the control group there was no betterment in the degree of cognition. Table IV shows all the samples from both experimental and control group had hapless cognition in different facets of tubing feeding like consciousness of the tubing, technique of eating and complications before intercession. Whereas 95 % of samples showed good cognition sing provender and nutrition. Table V demonstrates the cognition degree of experimental and control group in different facets of tubing eating after intercession. The survey reveals that the experimental group had a important addition in the degree of cognition in different facet of tubing eating after the intercession but the control group showed the same pre-intervention cognition position. Table VI shows the comparing of overall mean cognition mark of experimental and control group before and after intercession and its degree of significance. Here the information suggest that the mean cognition mark of experimental and control group are the same before intercession ( average score 20 ) and after intercession mean mark of control group is higher than the average mark of experimental group. So, harmonizing to hypothesis ( H1 ) , there is important difference in the cognition mark on tubing eating among health professionals between the experimental and the control group after intercession and no significance difference before intercession. Present survey findings are supported by the survey done by Janie Kayser ( 1998 ) to measure the effectivity of a preparation programme on the cognition and caring ability of the household health professionals of AIDS patients. The consequence revealed that the experimental group had a significantly higher degree of cognition and caring ability after undergoing preparation programme. Table VII nowadayss mean cognition mark of experimental and control group before intercession and degree of significance. Both group demonstrated a low mean cognition mark of 0.90 % to 12.85 % in the facets of consciousness of the tubing, technique and complications before intercession. Both group showed a high cognition mark of 57 % -63 % with respect to feed and nutrition. The tabular array concluded that no important difference was found in cognition about tubing, technique and complication in control and experimental group, but a important difference was seen in the mean cognition sing provender and nutrition in control group compared to experimental group. Table VIII nowadayss mean cognition mark of experimental and control group after intercession and degree of significance. The experimental group showed a high mean cognition score ranged from 72 % to 91 % in different facets of tubing eating after intercession. But the control group showed a similar low mean mark form. Study consequence showed that a important difference in the mean cognition mark of the all countries in cognition among experimental group compared to command group after intercession. Table IX nowadayss mean cognition mark of experimental group before and after intercession and degree of significance. Experimental group showed a low mean cognition score ranged from 4.09 % to 12.85 % in the facets of consciousness of the tubing, technique and complications before intercession. The highest mark of cognition was seen in with respect to feed and nutrition ( 57.6 % ) .Whereas after intercession experimental group demonstrated a high mean mark ranged from 72.7 % to 91.22 % ..Statistically a important difference was seen in all the facets of cognition like consciousness of the tubing, provender and nutrition, technique and complications in the experimental group after intercession compared to pre-intervention position. Table Ten shows mean cognition mark of control group on baseline and subsequent observation and degree of significance. The control group showed a low cognition mean mark ranged from 0.90 % to 10 % in the facets of consciousness of the tubing, technique and complication before intercession. The highest mark of cognition was seen with respect to feed and nutrition ( 63.07 % ) .In subsequent observation besides control group showed a similar form of cognition mean mark like that of baseline observation.Degree of technique of experimental and control groupTables XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII & A ; XVIII explain the degree of technique sing nasogastric tubing eating before and after the intervention.- Table Eleven nowadayss frequence and per centum of experimental and control group on overall technique before and after intervention.70 % of the samples had good or mean degree of technique before intercession and 6 samples showed hapless technique whereas after intercession all the samples in the group were demonstrated first-class feeding techniques. The samples from the control group retained in the same technique degree of norm and hapless, before and after intercession The present survey revealed that, the degree of technique was increased in experimental group who received the presentation, whereas in the control group there was no betterment in the degree of technique. Table Twelve nowadayss frequence and per centum of experimental and control group harmonizing to degree of assorted facets of tubing eating technique before intercession. In both experimental and control group bulk of the samples had norm or hapless readying and technique whereas in aftercare both group exhibited good patterns. Table Thirteen nowadayss frequence and per centum of experimental and control group harmonizing to degree of assorted facets of tubing eating technique after intercession. In the experimental group, after intercession all the 20 samples ( 100 % ) had first-class degree of technique in assorted facets of tubing feeding like readying for eating, technique of eating and aftercare. The control group showed a similar form of hapless technique mean mark as in baseline observation. The tabular array concluded that there was an addition in the degree of technique sing nasogastric tubing eating in experimental group after intercession. Table Fourteen nowadayss comparing of overall mean technique mark of experimental and control group before and after intercession and degree of significance. Study revealed that both group had an about similar low technique mean mark before intercession. But after intercession the experimental group showed a high mean technique mark whereas the control group retained in their baseline technique degree. So, harmonizing to hypothesis ( H2 ) , there is a important difference in the technique mark on tubing eating among health professionals between the experimental and the control group after intercession and no significance difference was observed before intercession. Present survey findings was supported by the survey done by Mohammed Shinde ( 2009 ) , quasi-experimental survey to measure the effectivity of presentation sing eating of hemiplegia patient among health professionals. The consequence showed, in both unwritten and nasogastric eating, the experimental group had important betterment in accomplishment mark of health professionals about eating of hemiplegic patients after presentation. Table Fifteen nowadayss mean technique mark of experimental and control group in different facets tube feeding before intercession and degree of significance. The information ‘s suggests no important difference was seen in the countries of technique, aftercare in experimental and control group before intercession, but important difference was seen in readying in experimental group compared to command group before intercession. Table Sixteen nowadayss mean technique mark of experimental and control group in different facets of tubing eating after intercession and degree of significance. The information ‘s suggest important difference in the countries of readying, technique and aftercare in experimental group compared to command group after intercession. Table Seventeen nowadayss mean technique mark of experimental group before and after intercession and degree of significance. The present survey showed important betterment in all the countries of technique sing tube eating like readying, technique and aftercare in the experimental group after intercession compared to pre-intervention position. Table Eighteen nowadayss mean technique mark of control group on baseline and subsequent observation and degree of significance. The present survey showed no important difference in all the countries of techniques of tubing feeding like readying, techniques and aftercare in control group on baseline and subsequent observation.Association of survey variables with selected demographic variablesTable XIX presents association between demographic variables and techniques of feeding before intercession. The present survey shows a important association between the beginning of direction and technique of feeding before intercession whereas no association elicited between age, sex, business with technique of feeding before intervention.. Present survey findings are supported by the survey done by Mohammed Shinde ( 2009 ) , quasi-experimental survey to measure the effectivity of presentation sing eating of hemiplegia patient among health professionals. The consequence showed no important relationship of feeding pattern with respect to age, sex, instruction, business and matrimonial position.

My Theory on Personality

My Theory of Personality Personality refers to a combination of long-lasting and distinctive behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotion that typify how we react and adapt to other people and situations. (Plotnik, 2012) Many psychologists, like Freud, theorize that it is a combination of many factors that affect the personality. Many of these factors ranging from early childhood development and unconsciousness to rewards and punishments. I have chosen four concepts that I believe contribute the most to the development of the personality and will explain why.The concepts I have chosen to be part of my very own personality theory are: childhood experiences, interpretation of experiences, and observable behavior. Alfred Adler, an Austrian medical doctor and psychologist, once said that we develop our desires and drives during our childhood then our whole adulthood becomes affected by these childhood experiences. People keep striving during their adulthood to fulfill the desires they have developed during childhood. (Radwan, 2008) Childhood experiences are the first lessons you learn, the first observations you see, and are what I believe to be the basis of personality in adulthood.For example, if a child grows up with an overprotective family, she/he will learn to fear strangers and have a lot of insecurities. But in adulthood they will have to deal with that fear, in such a way that it might transfer to another fear like a fear of taking risks or trying new things. Growing up, there are always situations when you have to meet new people or interact with strangers, and sooner or later you get over the insecurities you have about meeting new people and become friendlier, or you keep your anthropophobia and become very isolated.Personality traits you learn at a young age sticks with you throughout your life even if you forget about them, you're unconscious mind still puts them in to effect on a daily basis. Interpretation of experiences very from person to person. â⠂¬Å"Kids need to feel badly sometimes,† says child psychologist David Elkind, professor at Tufts University. â€Å"We learn through experience and we learn through bad experiences. Through failure we learn how to cope. † Some people might take overbearing parents as a sign of love and affection.While on the other hand a different person might see it as suffocating and annoying. Depending on how they interpret these situations of over-protection by their parents will build on their personality. (Marano, 2004) The child who sees the overbearingness as love will embrace and project it as an adult. But the child who sees the protectiveness as suffocating will want to take more risks and be more outgoing as an adult. A real question I have is why do we interpret these situations the way we do.Most of the time I realize the way I react to certain situations is the same as the way my mother would have reacted. Maybe it is because we spent a lot of time together in my teen year s. Observable behavior is basically what you see people do and how they act. There is a phase people say to one another that, in its simplest form, means take note and execute. â€Å"Pay it forward†. Paying it forward is when you notice someone going out of their way to do something nice for you. And in return you do the same for someone else.In a way it is supposed to start a chain reaction and sooner or later more and more people will be kinder to strangers. But after a while the chain end due to someone not paying it forward. Maybe they didn't notice or they were not paying attention. And when it comes time for them to pay it forward they think nobody has done it for them, so why should they do it for someone else? So, they do not help this person out. That is observable behavior, people learn by watching, and it can change them to be friendlier or ruder.In my theory of personality, childhood experiences, interpretation of experiences, and observable behavior all contribut e to it. Each has its very own contribution towards a person's personality. Weather it is from early childhood and how the child is treated or young adulthood observing your environment and learning from your environment. Even how you see certain situations, you can see the positive side or the negative side. Just one behavior cannot be the only reason for a person's personality. It takes many different events to establish it.

Free Essays on Multicultural Education In America

Multicultural Education in America America has long been called "The Melting Pot" due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures, and ethnicities. As more and more immigrants come to America searching for a better life, the population naturally becomes more diverse. This has, in turn, spun a great debate over multiculturalism. Some of the issues under fire are who is benefiting from the education, and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people. There are many variations on these themes as will be discussed later in this paper. In the 1930's several educators called for programs of cultural diversity that encouraged ethnic and minority students to study their respective heritages. This is not a simple feat due to the fact that there is much diversity within individual cultures. A look at a 1990 census shows that the American population has changed more noticeably in the last ten years than in any other time in the twentieth century, with one out of every four Americans identifying themselves as black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, or American Indian (Gould 198). The number of foreign born residents also reached an all time high of twenty million, easily passing the 1980 record of fourteen million. Most people, from educators to philosophers, agree that an important first step in successfully joining multiple cultures is to develop an underezding of each others background. However, the similarities stop there. One problem is in defining the term "multiculturalism". When it is looked at simply as meaning the existence of a culturally integrated society, many people have no problems. However, when you go beyond that and try to suggest a different way of arriving at that culturally integrated society, Everyone seems to have a different opinion on what will work. Since education is at the root o... Free Essays on Multicultural Education In America Free Essays on Multicultural Education In America Multicultural Education in America America has long been called "The Melting Pot" due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures, and ethnicities. As more and more immigrants come to America searching for a better life, the population naturally becomes more diverse. This has, in turn, spun a great debate over multiculturalism. Some of the issues under fire are who is benefiting from the education, and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people. There are many variations on these themes as will be discussed later in this paper. In the 1930's several educators called for programs of cultural diversity that encouraged ethnic and minority students to study their respective heritages. This is not a simple feat due to the fact that there is much diversity within individual cultures. A look at a 1990 census shows that the American population has changed more noticeably in the last ten years than in any other time in the twentieth century, with one out of every four Americans identifying themselves as black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, or American Indian (Gould 198). The number of foreign born residents also reached an all time high of twenty million, easily passing the 1980 record of fourteen million. Most people, from educators to philosophers, agree that an important first step in successfully joining multiple cultures is to develop an underezding of each others background. However, the similarities stop there. One problem is in defining the term "multiculturalism". When it is looked at simply as meaning the existence of a culturally integrated society, many people have no problems. However, when you go beyond that and try to suggest a different way of arriving at that culturally integrated society, Everyone seems to have a different opinion on what will work. Since education is at the root o... Free Essays on Multicultural Education In America Multicultural Education in America America has long been called "The Melting Pot" due to the fact that it is made up of a varied mix of races, cultures, and ethnicities. As more and more immigrants come to America searching for a better life, the population naturally becomes more diverse. This has, in turn, spun a great debate over multiculturalism. Some of the issues under fire are who is benefiting from the education, and how to present the material in a way so as to offend the least amount of people. There are many variations on these themes as will be discussed later in this paper. In the 1930's several educators called for programs of cultural diversity that encouraged ethnic and minority students to study their respective heritages. This is not a simple feat due to the fact that there is much diversity within individual cultures. A look at a 1990 census shows that the American population has changed more noticeably in the last ten years than in any other time in the twentieth century, with one out of every four Americans identifying themselves as black, Hispanic, Asian, Pacific Islander, or American Indian (Gould 198). The number of foreign born residents also reached an all time high of twenty million, easily passing the 1980 record of fourteen million. Most people, from educators to philosophers, agree that an important first step in successfully joining multiple cultures is to develop an understanding of each others background. However, the similarities stop there. One problem is in defining the term "multiculturalism". When it is looked at simply as meaning the existence of a culturally integrated society, many people have no problems. However, when you go beyond that and try to suggest a different way of arriving at that culturally integrated society, Everyone seems to have a different opinion on what will work. Since education is at the roo...

Weird tourist attractions across the globe. Read more

Weird tourist attractions across the globe. Read more Top 6 weird tourist attractions around the world Halloween tours gain popularity among common travelers, as they allow you to explore the creepiest places on our planet. We’ve made a list of tourist spots that will set your imagination on fire. For all those, who love things that go bump in the night and can’t live without the mysterious, we have a treat: The Giant’s Causeway, Northern Ireland. Basalt columns, shaped in the form of a giant’s palm, are known to be one of the best sites in Northern Ireland. The odd structure that dates back to the days when Anglo-Saxons ruled Britain resembles a fantastic composition out of a fairy tale and is popular among tourists, who want a touch of history to their traveling routine. The Tianzi Mountains, China. Located in the Hunan Province in China, these peaks are nothing short of the ordinary. They are often covered in mist, and fog never ceases to flow over the cliffs. Many people say this is because the place is sacred, and tourists are attracted by sense of wonder that is present in Tianzi. You can take a car to the nearby village and later choose one of the trails to soak in the views. Besides, the magical sight of the mountains inspired film directors to create â€Å"Avatar†. The floating cliffs that we see in the movie are certainly a tribute to the Tianzi. The Nasca Lines, Peru. These strange geometric figures and animalistic images, etched into Pampa de San Josà ©, remain a mystery and excite a traveler’s mind anytime one comes closer for examination. Visible only from a distance and from a tower, located nearby, these lines may serve as an evidence of an ancient civilization that once inhabited the barren lands. What makes this sight even more exciting is the art of performance. The Nasca made the images stretch in one single line, and some of the shapes and forms are still not explained by science. Socotra Island, Yemen. Socotra Island may not belong to Africa geographically, but its unique flora causes scientists to open their mouths in awe. The island is mainly comprised of barren lands, covered with various species of fruits and plants. Most of them look bizarre to a European eye, and the biodiversity that is present on Socotra can make anyone speechless. Travelers love Socotra for its unbelievable atmosphere and the feeling of otherworldliness that engulfs you once you step on this land. Among the species that are particularly eccentric we can name the dragon’s blood tree with its extensive root system and a crown that looks majestic and scary. Chocolate Hills of Bohol Island, the Philippines. Conical in shape, these hills were once coral deposits. UNESCO named them one of the world's natural wonders, though some of the scientists claim their origin to be man-made. However, the hills are now more than 1, 000 years old, and when the rainy season is over, they gradually turn brown. This is why people associate them with chocolate cones and ice cream every time they are mentioned in the press. Goblin Valley State Park, Utah, USA. Though it may look like a Martian surface from the distance, this site has nothing to do with space. Situated two miles away from Salt Lake City, strange concrete formations earned their name due to their eerie shape. Scientists claim that years of erosion and exposure to wind and sand have caused these structures to look the way they do now. You can take a drive from Salt Lake City to see the goblin monuments with your own eyes – the impression is all the more creepy as they are located in the middle of a barren plain.

Online booking system for parking Literature review

Online booking system for parking - Literature review Example Context of the project It is evident that the number of vehicles in the country has increased exponentially over time. However, the number of parking spaces has not been changed to reflect the increase in the number of vehicles. Inevitably, finding an open parking space has been one of the greatest headaches for vehicle owners (Banman, 2009). The situation becomes even worse during peak hours when there is heavy vehicular movement. In some instances, a person has to drive around town in the search of empty parking spaces. This leads to wastage of fuel and time since the search may take long. This project will help to ensure that a person can check and book available parking space from any place. The portal for online booking for parking system will make it possible for a person to check for available parking spaces and drive straight to the place. This will result in significant savings in terms of money and time. Suffice to say, the use of internet has become almost second nature to most people (Stobbs, 2012). In the United States, the internet penetration rate stands at eighty one percent. Almost half of the population possesses either a smart phone or a tablet. Thus, there is a sufficient number of people using the internet who can benefit from this service. Overall objectives The speci?c objectives of this project are as follows: (i) To investigate extend to which online booking system can be implemented for car parking. (ii) To design an online booking system for car parking. (iii) To implement a software prototype for the car parking system. (iv) To validate the software prototype implemented during the course of the project. Techniques for realization In order for this project to be successful, it will be necessary to apply various techniques. One of the critical factors for the successful realization of this project is intensive research. There is need to conduct a comprehensive research on the issue of car parking and the way that online systems can he lp in mitigation of the problem. Also, the project should be implemented using hardware and software that is up to the task. The success of software related projects depends on the system specifications that are selected. This is critical as it determines the performance of the system under the given circumstances. The realization of the project will also depend on the ease of usability of the online booking system for car parking. The user interface should be fast and intuitive such the user can easily navigate through it (Stobbs, 2012). Structure of the contextual report This contextual report will first evaluate the existing technologies in the area of car parking. The existing literature in online booking systems and car parking will be reviewed. This will help to give a solid background of the topic of online booking system for car parking. A comparative analysis of the existing and proposed car parking systems will help to show the existing gaps and the potential benefits of t he project. A section on market research will shed light on the potential clients of the proposed system. The patterns in the car parking industry will be evaluated to investigate the underlying trends. Finally, the requirement specifications for the online booking system for car parking will be outlined. Section 2: Literature review Technological overview At the early stages of commercial car parking, most of the work was done entirely on paper. The parking attendant

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Environment - Essay Example The total of the gross added value in various activities related to the economy is referred to as GDP at factor cost. The sum of the indirect taxes and GDP at factor cost subtracted from subsidies will give GDP at producers’ price. According to the income approach, GDP is calculated by summing up the incomes that firms are required to pay to the households for providing the production factors namely wages, interest, rents as well as profits. Inflation: Inflation is defined as the continuous or sustained rise in the general level of price. It can also be defined as continuous reduction in the value of money. The movement in the general price level is referred to as inflation. The changes in the price level of goods and services purchased by the households are measured by Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Producers’ Price Index (PPI). The CPI can be calculated as the ratio of updated cost and price of the base period multiplied by 100. The second measure that is producer price index measures the average changes in prices as received by the producers for the products. Unemployment: Unemployment or joblessness occurs when individuals are actively looking for jobs but are not able to find it. The rate of unemployment is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed in the total labor force usually in percentage form. The International Labor Organization provides four methods on measuring the unemployment rate. The most preferred method of unemployment rate calculation is Labor Force Sample Surveys. Surveys provide the most comprehensive results and contribute in calculation of unemployment according to groups. The official estimates are calculated from the combination of information from the other methods. Social Insurance statistics is computed by the number of persons insured for the benefits and the number of insured persons collecting benefits. The balance of payments: Healthy balance of payments situation is ideal to attract investments. The investments can be used in diverse activities in up gradation of technology. The technological

Media communication - reputation of an organization Essay

Media communication - reputation of an organization - Essay Example Many organizations are now realizing the importance of having a successful public relations specialist. For example, a well managed and informed public relations representative can maximize profits and strengthen a company in a weak economy. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2006, August 4). How can a public relations representative implement their use of mass communications into their program for overall success and positive outlook for a well managed, sustained and informed public relation A public relation practitioner's job is very broad based and competitive. They have to do more than just inform and educate the public about the company or organization that they represent. (Public relations, 2006). They must understand the needs and wants of their target audience so that they can reach their audience through their various forms and strategic usage of marketing, advertising, and promotions. They may work for and represent governments, large organizations and companies, the media, political campaigns, employees, investors, and celebrities, just to name a few. How can a public relation practitioner implement the use of good marketing skills into their public relations program What factors are involved for successful marketing Public relations practitioners use advertising and sales promotions to support their marketing efforts. They must understand who and what their target market audience is so that their message will catch their attention. The target market audience is a particular group of people that will benefit the most from a particular good or service. A company or organization must cater their promotions, marketing, and advertising schemes to this audience by understanding their overall needs and wants. A good public relations practitioner must realize the importance of successful marketing strategies. Their objective is to move their target market along various stages. Each target market audience must complete these stages: unawareness, awareness, belief/knowledge, attitude, acquisition intention and finally to acquisition. Only then can a marketing, advertising, and promotional strategy become effective. (Public Relations, 2006). Advertising and promotions are two key elements used for success in marketing goods or services. These two elements exist in various mediums. What are the various mediums used in advertising, and how does a public relations practitioner use it these to best benefit their company/organization Advertising is a marketing strategy that involves the use of numerous varieties of media forms to grab the consumer's attention to their product or service. Successful advertising should be persuasive and informational enough to influence the target audience's behavior or thoughts about what is being advertised. It can be used to sustain and develop an overall image to the public. Forms of media items that inform the consumer or client about the goods or services generally will work the best. A company or organization's name, slogan, and/or logo are very important to its image, and therefore, any media attention or promotions should be centered upon them. (Humphries, 2003). Certain forms of advertising are becoming more and more expensive, so most of all practitioners aim at free positive publicity through numerous advertising forms such as through

Relationship Between Motivation And Employee Performance

Relationship Between Motivation And Employee Performance Motivation is the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction. and management is corned with the effect be and efficient deployment of resources. Human resource is one of the most important in any organization and company and the role of manager is to be a leader and achieve organization objective by developing a partnership with people. Motivation in work is one of the very variables determining employees performance. we can say that motivation it is hard to give any type of permanent definition about motivation but it is a kind of direction in which employees are ambitious and they can take action and make an effort. Motivation is an power that causes people to behave in a positive way motivation collective with ability result in performance. Motivation is the internal power or a type of energy and it pushes toward the performance of the employees. If desire and ambition are absent, motivation absent too because motivation are much do with desire and ambition. M otivation strengthens always give the way, courage energy and persistence to follow the organization goal. A motivate employee take action and does whatever and whenever it need to achieve their goals EXECUTIVE SUMMRY Motivating staff is a fundamentally important dimension of successful management and a vital aspect of a leaders role. Significant organizational outcomes can be obtained by having staff that are motivated. These include: Increased productivity in the workplace Reduced absenteeism and turnover Increased innovation and creativity Increased employee and customer satisfaction An enhanced company profile Higher quality products or services Improved financial performance Employees want interesting work where they are given responsibility, autonomy, challenges and the opportunity to learn. Good working conditions, job security, and pay are important, appreciation should be shown and regular feedback should be given on an employees performance. Managers holding this view of work and their employees would most likely demonstrate trust in their employees, use explanations and joint problem-solving methods, give staff room to interpret and implement organisational objectives for themselves, act as a facilitator, provide opportunities for growth and job enrichment, allow staff to use their creative abilities and remove restrictions to doing a good job. The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through others. A committed and motivated workforce is critical to maximising an organisations full potential. Highly motivated employees frequently seek to work beyond the bounds of their specific work roles and functions in order to not only impro ve themselves, but also to achieve the objectives of the organisation. Motivated employees can be considered vital to organisational survival in our rapidly changing workplaces and work world they help organisations survive because they are more productive At the end we can say that the performance of an organization is dependent on its employees. After all, your employees are the engine of your organization. MOTIVATION THEORIES FOR EMPLOYEES First it is important to understand that what motivate employees and how they were motivated. According to Maslow a employees have five level of need and they are physiological, safety, social, ego, and self actualizing and he argued that lower level need had to be satisfied before the next higher level need would motivate employees. It is important for the organization that they value there employees try to understand there problem and always offer some opportunities for growth and development in short make them part of the organization. To motivate employees are a great important in a organization and it can be done by:- keep to be at work Take pride in there work Work attitude Does not display in their work Customer orientation Display a high level of commitment ROLE OF MOTIVATION IN EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE Motivated employees are the need of any organization for our changing work place. Motivated employees are more productive so they always help organization to survive in every field. For a effective managers it must to understand what type of motivates employees within the context the perform in role. Motivating employees is most complex for example research suggested that as employees income increase money become less of a motivate also as employees get older exciting work become more of a motivator. PURPOSE OF MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES:- There are some factors which play a important role to motivate employees. Such as employment Security Sympathetic help with individual problem Personal loyalty to employees interesting work Give good working situation Good quality Wages Promotions and growth in the organization. Most of the organization believes to motivate their employees because it influence the employees performance by following way:- 1. Higher Productivity Levels 2. Lower Labour Turnover 3. Lower Absenteeism 4. Improve Quality with lees waster 5. Greater Willingness to accept rather than resist change 6. Greater Willingness to contribute idea and take on responsibility 7. Employees Loyalty 8. Employees Turnover MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE:- It is seen that a employees performance has an impact on the organizations objective. And it is thus imperative that every employees performance should be managed. This process of performance management includes group assessments and peer reviews. In recent time performance management system have become more essential because managers are under constant pressure to get better progress and performance of their organization by motivate their employee. Despite the motivation performs it is necessary to briefly highlight the barriers that might affect the performance of employee. These barriers may be the result understand competencies, inappropriate performance goals, or lack of feedback about performance. There are some factor which is affective overall employees performance .1.INTERNAL FACTOR:- Those factor which is control and influence by any organization are called internal factor like job description and selection. 2.EXTERNAL FACTOR:-In external factors a organization has little control or no control such as demand for job or grading systems. Corporate Examples of motivation and employees performance:- Geo television use the following tools to motivate its employees and this tools affected the employees performance and it is seen that employees performance become better after this. These tools are such as. Performance base incentives Geo television gives incentives to its employees on its performance. Annual evaluation of the employee performance discussed with the employee. There is and idea box in the reception room available to employees and even visitors. All ideas are implemented and the generator of the idea is rewarded with a prize. The CEO of the company is heading this company himself Annual employees function Success story of the month in each department is mentioned for employees who have gone that extra mile in achieving their objectives. Their stories are discussed; the committee reviews them and selects the best one. The winner of the best success story is rewarded with a dinner for the two prizes. All the employees work in a Comfortable environment because they are free to do their work ,environment is very friendly TOYOTA Motivational Policy of Toyota Company based on Maslows need Hierarchy Herzbergs job Enrichment Theory. Toyota company always try to motivate their employees because they believe that employees are a vital part of the company. A business not be success without the employees good performance .Firstly Toyota always try to understand employees motivation, it is seen that the individual performance has an impact on any organization so it is important that every employees performance should be managed According to Maslows theory: Job Security Good Pay Safe working conditions Satisfy lower level needs Culture of continuous improvement Support growth toward self Actualization The Toyota Company achieve the following approaches on the basis of Herzbergs job Enrichment Theory and by motivate their employees Visual Management HR Policies Addresses Hygiene Factor Continuous Improvement Job Rotation Build Feedback in support motivator Toyota aims to increase its employees motivation and optimize the value of its human resources. The recognize some seminar to motivate their employees Company always try to give their employees a good training Give the year awards Give a new model of Toyota car Toyota always take the attention of employees every day and end of the year they give some gift and his types of motivation always increase the employees work performance Toyota company say that every employee who work under Toyota they are the family part of Toyota Toyota company also arrange health and security for employees.

Essay --

There is a beautiful marriage between technique and meaning in poetry. If one can fully probe the configuration of poetry; one will see this marriage. Their mind will be seduced by the words, their heart ensnares by its gist, and finally by way of the poem literary devices can be captured involuntarily. A great model of the essence of this relationship is the classic poem â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes. In this poem, the author approaches the universal despair of dreams being deferred and underlines the fallouts of it. His precise techniques that influence this poem help it emerge into a metaphorical warning statement about dreams becoming disregarded in life. The author’s specific uses of similes and metaphors allows for interpretation by his readers regarding the main idea behind his poem, and in this essay I will examine how these literary techniques help to ameliorate the author’s meaning. The use of similes in â€Å"Harlem† creates a serious mood and emphasizes the theme. In the beginning of the poem the author asks a question about what will happen to a dream when deferred. The simile...

Cultural distance assignment Essay

CDj is the cultural distance between the host country (j) and the home country (in this case Germany). It is calculated with a summation of 4 different variables indicating different cultural dimensions. These are uncertainty avoidance, power distance, individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity. is the country j’s score on one of the four cultural dimension is the score of the home country (in this case Germany) on this dimension. is the variance of this particular dimension. Firstly, the distance on each dimension between the host country j and the home country (in this case Germany). Secondly, this number is squared. After squaring minus each variable is divided by the variance of that variable. And finally, all these four variances are added together and divided by 4. 2. What is the difference between mean and variance? Can you explain the example given in the lecture in your own words? Mean and variance are both about distribution, but mean refers to one measure of the central value for a probability distribution. It is the average of a set of measurements. On the other hand, variance is a measure of how far a set of numbers is spread out. In a statistical probability graph the difference in variance is made visible in the height of the graph. A low variance indicates that the data points are close to the mean. This can be recognized in a normal distribution graph where the curve is either flatter or steeper. A flat curve indicates a high variance as data points are far away from the mean, whereas a steep curve indicates a small variance as the data points are close to the mean. 3. Calculate the distance on each dimension between Germany (our home country) and a specific host country using the Excel program.? Tip: you can use the formula editor in Excel to calculate the distance on e. g. power distance between Germany and Argentina, the first country in the sample. You can copy-paste the formula in the other rows/columns. Power distance: Argentina – Germany: 49-35 = 14 Uncertainty avoidance: Argentina – Germany: 86-64 = 21 Individualism / collectivism: Argentina – Germany: 46-67 = -21 ? 21 Masculinity / femininity: Argentina – Germany: 56-66 = -10 ? 10 4. The Kogut-Singh index of cultural distance also contains the variance of each dimension. Answer the following questions: a. In the bottom row of the columns you will find the variance for each culture ? dimension. What dimension has the highest variance? Individual – collectivism b. What does a high variance mean Tip: to calculate the variance yourself, you can use the formula editor of Excel and search for â€Å"variance†. A high variance means that the date points are very spread out from the mean and from each other 5. Calculate the cultural distance using Kogut and Singh formula while using Germany as the home country. Tip: follow the different steps as explained in the main lecture, and first calculate the difference, ? the squared difference, the variance, and the overall cultural distance. Cultural distance = 0,547 ? [(14*14)/507,68 + (21*21)/559,42 + (-21*-21)/621,34 + (-10*-10)/329,58)]/4 6. Which four countries have the lowest cultural distance to Germany? Switzerland, Italy, South Africa and Luxembourg 7. Which country has the highest cultural distance? Guatemala 8. What is the average cultural distance between Germany and these 57 other countries? 1,6046894 9. Pick a host country and relate the cultural distance score between Germany and that ? host country to the 7 points of critique raised by Shenkar as discussed in the lecture. We picked Egypt, which has a cultural distance score of 1,748. 1. The illusion of symmetry: you cannot assume that the cultural distance from Germany and Egypt is similar to the cultural distance from Egypt to Germany. Because of recent conflicts in Egypt it is probably less attractive for other countries, including Germany, to do business or invest in Egypt, whereas for Egypt itself, it is not hard to do business in Germany. 2. The illusion of stability: Cultural distance is measured at a single point in time, but cultures may change over time and therefore, cultural differences may also change over time. Currently the conflict in Egypt is still ongoing which makes cultural difference between Germany and Egypt bigger. However, if this conflict ends, the cultural difference may shrink again. 3. The illusion of linearity: in case a German MNE already had an entity in Egypt and is considering a second one, the obstacle of starting a second entity is lower than it would have with the initial entity introduction. The effect on cultural distance therefore depends on the experience already gained and is not a linear process. 4. The illusion of causality: Kogut and Singh’s formula only focuses on cultural difference, but distance is a multidimensional construct and should be studied not in isolation but together with the other three dimensions of distance, namely; institutional/administrative distance, geographic distance and economic distance. For instance, the cultural difference between Germany and Egypt is 1,748 and the geographic distance between Germany and Egypt is 3208 kilometer. The cultural difference between Germany and Australia is 0,320 (a lot smaller than 1,748) and the geographic distance between these two countries is 14482 kilometers (a lot further than 3208 km). 5. The illusion of discordance: the assumption is that all cultural aspects of the cultural distance between home and host country matter equally, but depending on the country, some dimensions of a culture matter more than others. Take language and religion. Both cultural aspects, but when Germany does business with the Netherlands difference in language would matter a lot more than difference in religion, whereas when Germany does business with Egypt, the religion factor would weigh a lot heavier. 6. The assumption of corporate homogeneity: by using national cultural measures, the CD concept only incorporates variance in the national culture but does not consider possible variances on a corporate level. National culture vs. organizational culture is left out. In Egypt, a company which employs employees of many different nationalities will have less cultural differences with a German company in comparison to a company which only employs Egyptians. 7. The assumption of spatial homogeneity: when examining the cultural differences on the basis of national level scores, possible cultural variances within that same country are left out. In Egypt it would not be correct to look at the country as a whole, since within the country (city versus rural areas) there are different cultures and sentiments based on different takes on for example Muslim religion. This could affect the way different companies do business and therefore reduce or expand the cultural difference between Germany and Egypt. 10. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Kogut and Singh measure of cultural distance. Kogut and Singh have made an effort of creating an overview on the cultural distance between countries. The overview is quite meticulous and based on empirical research, taking four dimensions – created by Hofstede – of cultural distance into account. Although the measure of cultural distance should provide realistic information for organisations that seek new markets, it is not able to do so. The measure should be seen as an indicator of cultural distance rather than an absolute number. Supported by Shenkar’s seven points of critique1, the weaknesses of Kogut and Singh’s theory will be assessed. Supported by Kim and Gray’s article, its strengths will be assessed2. As Shenkar researched effectively, Kogut and Singh’s measure is quite ambiguous. It creates several illusions of cultural distance. Deriving from these seven points made by Shenkar, the measure cannot be used in practice. The differences between reality and theory are too large. For example, as Shenkar explained in point 5; â€Å"The implicit assumption that differences in cultures produce lack of â€Å"fit† and hence an obstacle to transaction is questionable. First, not every cultural gap is critical to performance. As Tallman and Shenkar (1994, p. 108) note, â€Å"different aspects of firm culture may be more or less central, more or less difficult to transmit, and more or less critical to operations†. Second, cultural differences may be complementary and hence have a positive synergetic effect on investment and performance. ’3 Companies are shown one CD number, but the importance of the various dimensions creating this number is different for each company. For example, a company involved in financial derivatives that seeks to create a subsidiary overseas may be less concerned about the individualism/collectivism-dimension than about the uncertainty avoidance-dimension, as these companies are inherently making money of uncertainty. Thus, the CD number does not suit the function implied by Kogut and Singh. Singh and Kogut create an illusion that this CD number helps companies finding a suitable strategy for expanding abroad. The CD number should provide hard data for finding this strategy. Due to the difference between theory and practice, this number cannot provide practical data. However, the measure is suitable for other goals. For one, the measure can explain corporate behaviour in new markets. Kim and Gray researched the applicability of the CD measure. They concluded that relationship between the CD measure and corporate behaviour has some plausible consistencies. 4 The ownership mode a company takes in a new market is indeed dependent on the cultural distance between the host and home country. Kogut and Singh’s measure is thus accurate, but not practical. In conclusion, the measure of Kogut and Sing is accurate enough to explain corporate behaviour in hindsight, but cannot be seen as a practical calculation for choosing a business strategy. A company may tend to get confused by the calculation method, as it equally takes all dimensions into account. However, in the end, a company will probably handle appropriately to the new market’s culture. This is shown in Kim and Gray’s research.